Terpenes and their profiles

Terpenes are naturally occurring unsaturated hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of plants. There are over 20,000 known types, terpenes contribute to the aroma and flavour of a wide variety of plants, which include trees, herbs, spices and flowers. Limonene for example, is a terpene responsible for the citrus scent found in lemons, limes & oranges. Pinene, another terpene has a wood like aroma. In the cannabis world, terpenes play a crucial role in giving different strains their individual aromas. Terpenes offer more than just their scent, many also have therapeutic properties, which in turn makes the terpene profile of medical cannabis more significant than you think. Cannabis plants contain between 150 and 400 different terpenes. However, only a few of these terpenes are present in significant amounts. The specific, individual terpenes found in a cannabis strain make up the 'terpene profile' which is unique to each strain. A phenomenon known as the 'entourage effect' suggests that terpenes can interact with cannabinoids & other cannabis compounds to enhance the therapeutic properties.

Common Cannabis Terpenes and Their Benefits

Alpha Pinene Is one of the most abundant terpenes found in nature and is present in a wide range of plants, including cannabis, rosemary, citrus fruits and eucalyptus. It is popular in aromatherapy and herbal remedies due to its pleasant aroma. Studies show it is effective against bacteria and has antimicrobial effects, as well as anti-inflammatory potential.

Caryophyllene Also known as beta-caryophyllene (BCP), is found in many plants, including cinnamon, black pepper, hops and basil, it has a spicy aroma that may be evident in some cannabis strains. Its unique amongst terpenes as it can activate cannabinoid receptors in the body. It has a range of health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antidepressant, anti-anxiety and analgesic properties.

Humulene Humulene is well-known for its presence in hops, which contributes to the distinctive aroma of beer. Since cannabis and hops belong to the same biological family (Cannabaceae) it doesn't come as a surprise that both plants contain a high level of humulene. Humulene unlike other terpenes may have appetite-suppressing properties which makes it a potential treatment for those with obesity or overeating health issues. It presents as a promising alternative to some pharmaceutical drugs due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Limonene Limonene has an iconic citrus scent, which can be found in cumin, neroli, bergamot and is heavily abundant in citrus fruits. It is commonly found in perfumes, cosmetics and some cleaning products. Limonene has been extensively studied for its therapeutic effects, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, pain relief, antinociceptive and anti-anxiety. It also shows potential therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Linalool Linalool is very common and found in many cannabis strains, as well as in other plants like mint, lavender, sweet basil and cinnamon. It is also frequently found in perfumes, household cleaners, wax melts and candles. Studies suggest it may have antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties due to its action on the central nervous system. Additionally, it may include antibacterial, anti-cancer, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Myrcene Finally Myrcene is the most prevalent terpene found in cannabis, as well as plants like hops, thyme, mangoes and cardamom. It is well-known for its musky aroma and is used in products like perfumes and cosmetics. Traditionally, plants containing myrcene have been used in herbal medicine practices worldwide. Myrcene has a large range of properties including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-cancer, antioxidant and sedative.

Terpenes can work synergistically with each other and with other cannabis compounds, including cannabinoids, to enhance the effects of cannabis. However, the individual properties of terpenes can also provide significant therapeutic benefits, depending on the conditions and symptoms that are being treated. To conclude, understanding the role of terpenes and their presence in your medical cannabis strain can help you maximise the therapeutic benefits of your cannabis treatment. Written by Laura Bartlett 08/08/2024 at 16:28pm